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Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8998: Information Sources and Incremental Value in Short-Horizon Prediction of a Multimodal Driving Index in Extra-Long Tunnels
2+ day, 15+ hour ago (431+ words) Predicting driver-state evolution in extra-long tunnel corridors remains challenging because of prolonged spatial confinement and repeated lighting transitions. This study uses a statistical human–vehicle composite, the comprehensive driving index (CDI), as a reproducible quantitative target for predictive auditing. In…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8905: Exploring Female Volunteer Head and Thorax Kinematics During a Braking Pulse in the Presence of a Steering Wheel
4+ day, 21+ hour ago (388+ words) As driving becomes more automated, the driver–car interaction is changing. The steering wheel, traditionally the main interface between the driver and the vehicle, is reduced to being a part of the environment in autonomous driving. Its influence on kinematic…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8898: Simulation Model for Electrical Operation in Agrivoltaic Power Plants: Nine Hourly Panel Orientation Modes
5+ day, 14+ hour ago (355+ words) In an agrivoltaic plot, the hourly panel tracking angle governs electricity, on-site economics, avoided carbon dioxide, irrigation demand and crop yield. Operating for photovoltaic output alone discards that space, and does so when a midday kilowatt-hour has lost its value:…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8868: Room-Temperature Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Lithium and Iron from Spent LiFePO4 Batteries via Selective Leaching and Oxalic Acid Precipitation
5+ day, 23+ hour ago (519+ words) The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) highlights the need for efficient recycling strategies to recover critical materials and reduce environmental impact. This study presents an optimized hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of lithium (Li) and iron (Fe) from spent lithium…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8830: Numerical Investigation of Turbulence-Intensity Effects on Wind Loads and Wake Interference in Single-Axis Solar Tracker Arrays
1+ week, 1+ day ago (551+ words) Single-axis solar tracker arrays are commonly installed within the lower atmospheric boundary layer. Their wind loads are governed not only by the module tilt angle, row-to-row sheltering and wind-direction angle but also by the inflow turbulence intensity. To clarify the…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8826: Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Transmission Error in Top-Hat Harmonic Drive Considering Manufacturing and Assembly Errors
1+ week, 1+ day ago (450+ words) Top-hat-type harmonic drives are widely used in industrial robots and high-end equipment due to their large hollow structure, high load capacity, and high precision. However, unlike cup-type harmonic drives, the transmission error characteristics of top-hat-type structures are influenced by assembly-induced…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8806: Dimensionality-Reduction Regulation of C@M-Zn2SnO4(H+) for High-Capacity and Durable Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
1+ week, 1+ day ago (358+ words) Zn2SnO4 is a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity, yet its practical utilization is severely limited by sluggish reaction kinetics, large volume expansion, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Here, we introduce a dimensionality-reduction strategy that simultaneously…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8805: Lightweight State of Health Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Hybrid PSO-NM Algorithm and Event-Triggered Adaptive Closed-Loop Correction
1+ week, 1+ day ago (466+ words) Advanced battery management systems (BMS) demand high-precision online prediction of lithium-ion battery state of health (SOH). To address engineering challenges where deep learning and multi-physics models struggle with edge deployment on automotive-grade microcontrollers (MCUs) due to high memory footprints and…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8803: Advanced Control Strategies for Hybrid Fuel Cell/Lithium-Ion Battery Systems in Renewable Applications
1+ week, 1+ day ago (466+ words) This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC)-based energy management strategy for hybrid power systems combining a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery storage unit for renewable energy applications. The proposed framework optimizes…...
Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, Pages 8802: Hybrid Magnetorheological Brake with Electromagnet and Permanent Magnet for Energy Efficient Controlled Braking
1+ week, 1+ day ago (422+ words) Magnetorheological brakes (MRBs) use field-sensitive magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) to provide fast and controllable braking, but conventional electromagnet (EM)-based designs suffer from high power use, heat generation, and limited torque density, which limit their practical efficiency. These limitations highlight the…...